TypeScript vs JavaScript: What’s the Better Choice?

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In the world of modern web development, JavaScript has been the undisputed king for years. However, the rise of TypeScript has started to challenge JavaScript’s reign, offering a different approach to how developers write code. 

If you’re a developer, or even someone interested in web development, you’re probably wondering: TypeScript or JavaScript: What’s the better choice?

In this blog, we will explore the difference between TypeScript and JavaScript, the rise of TypeScript as a preferred language, and why you might choose one over the other. Let’s dive into the details!

Table Of Contents:

1. What is JavaScript?
2. What is TypeScript?
3. The Difference Between TypeScript and JavaScript
4. Why Use TypeScript?
5. Why Use JavaScript?

6. Is TypeScript Becoming More Popular Than JavaScript?
Frequently Asked Questions

What is JavaScript?

JavaScript is a dynamic programming language that is primarily used for building interactive websites. It runs on the browser and provides the logic behind things like dropdown menus, form validation, animations, and more. Over the years, JavaScript has evolved with various frameworks and libraries such as React, Angular, and Vue, enabling developers to build complex front-end and full-stack applications.

Did you know?

More than 60% of developers prefer using JavaScript as their go-to language for app development projects. (Source: Statista). 

JavaScript is often considered a versatile language, as it can be used for both front-end and back-end development. In fact, Node.js allows developers to use JavaScript for server-side programming as well. Because of this, JavaScript is a popular choice for developers looking to build applications across the entire stack.

What is TypeScript?

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, meaning that it builds on JavaScript’s syntax and adds additional features. It was developed by Microsoft to address some of the shortcomings of JavaScript, particularly when it comes to handling large-scale applications. The most notable feature of TypeScript is its static typing, which provides optional type annotations that help catch errors at compile time.

While JavaScript is dynamically typed (meaning variables can change types during runtime), TypeScript allows developers to define the types of variables, ensuring that values are used consistently throughout the code. For example, a variable that is declared as a number will only accept numbers, reducing the chance of bugs caused by incorrect types.

TypeScript is compiled into JavaScript, meaning that once TypeScript code is written, it must be transpiled into JavaScript before it can run in a browser or a Node.js environment. This makes TypeScript fully compatible with existing JavaScript codebases, as you can use TypeScript for new code while still maintaining your old JavaScript code.

The Difference Between TypeScript and JavaScript

Now that we know what both languages are, let’s dive into the difference between TypeScript and JavaScript.

1. Typing System

The most significant difference between TypeScript and JavaScript is their typing system. JavaScript is dynamically typed, meaning variable types are determined at runtime. This flexibility can sometimes lead to runtime errors that are difficult to debug.

On the other hand, TypeScript introduces static typing, allowing you to explicitly declare types for variables, function parameters, and return values. This leads to a safer development environment where errors are caught during compilation, before the code is even executed.

For instance, in TypeScript, you can declare a variable like this:

let age: number = 25;

This prevents age from being accidentally assigned a string value, which could lead to runtime issues in JavaScript.

2. Compile Time vs. Runtime

JavaScript is interpreted at runtime by the browser or Node.js, meaning errors are typically caught only when the code is executed. This can be a drawback when working on large-scale applications, as errors may not be detected until the code runs in production.

TypeScript, however, is transpiled (or compiled) into JavaScript before execution. During the compilation process, TypeScript checks for errors in your code, ensuring that type mismatches or other potential bugs are identified early on. This makes TypeScript particularly useful for larger projects where maintaining code quality can become challenging.

3. Code Intellisense and Autocompletion

Because of TypeScript’s type system, developers get enhanced Intellisense and autocompletion features. IDEs like Visual Studio Code can show you suggestions based on the declared types of variables and functions. It ultimately speeds up development and reduces the likelihood of errors caused by typos or incorrect assumptions about data structures.

In JavaScript, these features are limited because the language does not have explicit types. You often have to rely on the IDE’s basic features, which are not as robust as TypeScript’s type-aware suggestions.

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4. Optional Features and Compatibility

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, which means that any valid JavaScript code is also valid TypeScript code. You can start using TypeScript gradually by adding type annotations where necessary, without needing to rewrite your entire JavaScript codebase.

This makes transitioning from JavaScript to TypeScript relatively easy. You don’t need to throw out all your existing JavaScript code, and TypeScript can be adopted incrementally.

However, TypeScript also introduces some optional features that JavaScript doesn’t have, such as interfaces, generics, and access modifiers. These features allow for more structured and maintainable code.

5. Learning Curve

In case of JavaScript, it is easier to learn for beginners due to its flexibility and absence of strict rules. It is commonly the starting point for new developers. On the other hand, TypeScript requires understanding of types and additional features, which may increase the learning curve for beginners but leads to more maintainable and scalable code for large projects.

6. Ecosystem and Adoption

JavaScript: JavaScript has been around since 1995 and has a vast, mature ecosystem with libraries, frameworks, and community support. Major frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue.js are built with JavaScript, and there is an enormous amount of documentation and learning resources available. As the most popular programming language in the world, JavaScript has a well-established community that contributes to its growth and development.

TypeScript: TypeScript, though newer (introduced in 2012), has gained immense popularity, particularly among large-scale applications. TypeScript’s ecosystem has grown significantly, and many modern JavaScript libraries and frameworks now offer TypeScript definitions to support better integration. The TypeScript community is also vibrant, with increasing contributions, making it a strong contender for large enterprise-level projects.

7. Error Checking

JavaScript: In JavaScript, errors can only be identified during runtime, which means developers need to thoroughly test their code to catch mistakes. While JavaScript provides try-catch blocks for handling exceptions, it does not have built-in mechanisms for identifying type errors or logic bugs until the code is executed.

TypeScript: TypeScript significantly reduces errors by allowing developers to define variable types and interfaces. Type mismatches are flagged during compilation, preventing many common bugs from reaching production. Additionally, TypeScript supports try-catch for error handling and offers advanced features like strictNullChecks to handle null or undefined errors more effectively.

8. Use Cases

JavaScript is most commonly used for client-side scripting. It allows developers to create dynamic web pages that respond to user actions without the need for page reloads. JavaScript is also widely used on the server side via Node.js, enabling full-stack development with a single language.

TypeScript is especially useful for large-scale applications. It is designed to enhance JavaScript for projects that require better maintainability, scalability, and error checking. TypeScript shines in complex, long-term projects where multiple developers are involved, and the codebase can quickly become unmanageable in JavaScript. It is also highly suitable for enterprise applications, where maintaining code quality and consistency is paramount.

9. Support for OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)

JavaScript supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), but it does so in a more flexible, less structured manner. JavaScript has functions, objects, and prototypes that can be used to create and manage data. However, the lack of a rigid class system can sometimes make OOP patterns less intuitive, especially for developers coming from other OOP languages like Java or C#.

TypeScript, on the other hand, has full support for object-oriented programming with features like classes, interfaces, inheritance, and access modifiers (public, private, protected). These features provide a more structured and formal approach to OOP, making it easier to design and maintain large, complex systems using familiar OOP concepts.

10. Development Speed

JavaScript: JavaScript’s dynamic nature allows developers to quickly write and test code. There’s no need for compiling, and developers can see the effects of their code almost immediately in a browser or Node.js environment. This makes JavaScript a great choice for rapid prototyping and smaller projects.

TypeScript: Although TypeScript introduces an additional compilation step, it can ultimately improve development speed in larger projects by catching errors early. The static typing system helps reduce debugging time, and IDE features like auto-completion and refactoring make it easier to navigate and maintain complex codebases. However, developers may face an initial slowdown when setting up types and interfaces.

Why Use TypeScript?

Now that we understand the differences between TypeScript and JavaScript, you may be wondering: Why use TypeScript?

1) Enhanced Code Quality

TypeScript’s static typing helps catch errors early during development. This results in fewer bugs, especially in larger applications, and ultimately improves the maintainability of the codebase.

2) Better Tooling

TypeScript provides advanced tooling features like autocompletion, Intellisense, and type checking, which help developers write clean, error-free code faster.

3) Scalability

As projects grow, JavaScript can become harder to manage due to its dynamic nature. TypeScript’s strict type system and optional features make it easier to manage large-scale applications and maintain code quality over time.

4) Active Community and Support

TypeScript has been gaining popularity rapidly, and its community is growing quickly. This means that developers have access to a wealth of resources, tutorials, and libraries.

5) Compatibility with JavaScript Frameworks

Popular JavaScript frameworks and libraries like React, Angular, and Vue offer excellent TypeScript support. This makes it easy to integrate TypeScript into existing projects.

6) Future-Proofing

With TypeScript’s rise in popularity, learning it is a great way to future-proof your skillset. Many companies are already adopting TypeScript, and it is likely that the trend will continue to grow.

Why Use JavaScript?

Let’s take a look at the reasons to use JavaScript. 

1) Client-Side Interactivity

JavaScript powers dynamic and interactive web pages by enabling features like form validation, dropdown menus, and real-time updates without reloading the page.

2) Versatility

With frameworks like Node.js, JavaScript is not limited to the browser—it’s used for backend development, desktop apps, and even mobile applications.

3) Wide Browser Support

It’s natively supported by all modern web browsers, ensuring compatibility across different platforms without additional plugins.

4) Rich Ecosystem and Libraries

Access to a vast ecosystem of libraries (e.g., React, Angular, Vue) and tools makes development faster and more efficient.

5) Community and Career Opportunities

Being one of the most popular programming languages, JavaScript offers abundant learning resources, community support, and job opportunities.

While TypeScript is certainly growing in popularity, it’s important to remember that JavaScript still holds the crown as the most widely used programming language for web development. TypeScript cannot replace JavaScript because it is built on top of it. However, TypeScript’s static typing and enhanced tooling make it an attractive option for developers working on large-scale projects.

As more companies adopt TypeScript for their web applications, it is expected to continue gaining popularity in the coming years. In fact, some developers argue that TypeScript is already becoming more popular than JavaScript in certain areas, especially when working with large teams or enterprise-level applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is TypeScript better than JavaScript?

The answer depends on your project’s needs. TypeScript offers enhanced tooling, static typing, and better error detection during development, making it a great choice for large-scale applications and teams. On the other hand, JavaScript is more flexible and is better suited for smaller projects or when rapid development is needed. TypeScript is not strictly “better” than JavaScript but offers more advantages in certain contexts.

Will TS replace JS?

No, TypeScript will not replace JavaScript. TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, which means it builds upon JavaScript’s features and provides additional capabilities. All TypeScript code compiles to JavaScript, so it’s not a replacement for JavaScript but rather an extension that improves developer productivity and code quality.

If you’re looking for experts to implement TypeScript in your web applications, hire front-end developers from EitBiz who have 8+ experience with both TypeScript and JavaScript.

Sandy K

Sandy K

Sandy K is the dynamic and visionary Director at EitBiz. With a rich tapestry of experience spanning almost 15 years, Sandy has cultivated a unique, global perspective that he brings to the forefront of EitBiz’s operations. Visit Linkedin

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